ESL Essay Writing Rubric for Teachers

Scoring essays written by English learners can at times be difficult due to the challenging task of writing larger structures in English. ESL / EFL teachers should expect errors in each area and make appropriate concessions in their scoring. Rubrics should be based on a keen understanding of English learner communicative levels. This essay writing rubric provides a scoring system which is more appropriate to English learners than standard rubrics. This essay writing rubric also contains marks not only for organization and structure, but also for important sentence level mistakes such as the correct usage of linking language, spelling, and grammar. Essay Writing Rubric Category 4 - Exceeds Expectations 3 - Meets Expectations 2 - Needs Improvement 1 - Inadequate Score Understanding of Audience Demonstrates a keen understanding of the target audience, and uses appropriate vocabulary and language. Anticipates probable questions and addresses these concerns with evidence pertaining to probable potential readers. Demonstrates a general understanding of audience and uses mostly appropriate vocabulary and language structures. Demonstrates a limited understanding of audience, and generally uses appropriate, if simple, vocabulary and language. Not clear which audience is intended for this writing. Hook / Introduction Introductory paragraph begins with a statement that both grabs the attention of the reader and is appropriate to the audience. Introductory paragraph begins with a statement that attempts to grab the attention of the reader, but is incomplete in some sense, or may not be appropriate to the audience. Introductory paragraph begins with a statement that might be construed as an attention getter, but is not clear. Introductory paragraph does not contain a hook or attention grabber. Theses / Main Idea Structuring Introductory paragraph contains a clear thesis of main idea with clear suggestions as to how the body of the essay will support this thesis. Introductory paragraph contains a clear thesis. However, the following support sentences are not necessarily, or only vaguely connected to the body paragraphs. Introductory paragraph contains a statement that may be construed as a thesis or main idea. However, there is little structural support in the following sentences. Introductory paragraph contains no clear thesis statement or main idea. Body / Evidence and Examples Body paragraphs provide clear evidence and ample examples supporting thesis statement. Body paragraphs provide clear connections to thesis statement, but may be need more examples or concrete evidence. Body paragraphs are vaguely on topic, but lack clear connections, evidence and examples of thesis or main idea. Body paragraphs are unrelated, or marginally connected to essay topic. Examples and evidence is weak or nonexistent. Closing Paragraph / Conclusion Closing paragraph provides a clear conclusion successfully stating the authors position, as well as containing an effective restatement of the main idea or thesis of the essay. Closing paragraph concludes essay in satisfactory manner. However, authors position and / or an effective restatement of main idea or thesis may be lacking. Conclusion is weak and at times confusing in terms of authors position with little reference to main idea or thesis. Conclusion is nonexistent with little or no reference to proceeding paragraphs or authors position. Sentence Structure All sentences are well constructed with very few minor mistakes. Complex sentence structures are used effectively. Most sentences are well constructed with a number of mistakes. Some attempts at complex sentence structure are successful. Some sentences are well constructed, while others contain serious errors. Use of complex sentence structure is limited. Very few sentences are well constructed, or sentence structures are all very simple. Linking Language Linking language is used correctly and often. Linking language is used. However, mistakes in exact phrasing or usage of linking language is evident. Linking language is seldom used. Linking language is almost never or never used. Grammar and Spelling Writing includes no or only very few minor errors in grammar, spelling. Writing includes a relatively small number of errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation. However, readers understanding is not impeded by these errors. Writing includes a number of errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation which, at times, hinders readers understanding. Writing includes numerous errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation which makes readers understanding difficult.

Essay on Comparison of Classical and Operant and Conditioning

Learning can happen in numerous ways, but all fall under the category of being either classical conditioning or operant conditioning when we are dealing with Psychology terms. These two habituation methods are very comparable in nature, but do possess very specific distinctions in their differences. The major difference between classical and operant conditioning is the type of behaviors being conditioned. Classical is focused more on reflex and automatic actions whereas operant deals more with voluntary actions. Classical and operant conditioning are also different in the way they are taught. Classical conditioning involves introducing the subject to a neutral signal before reaction. Classical conditioning has four basic principles†¦show more content†¦This is called the unconditioned stimulus because it is a stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response. The conditioned response in this situation would be the child becoming hungry after smelling the food that is the conditioned response. â€Å"‘Conditioning’ simply means learning, and the term ‘operant’ refers to something that acts upon something else. Operant conditioning, then, is a form of testing in which an animal learns that a response, such as pressing a lever, results in a consequence, such as a food pellet being delivered to the animal (Pritchett Mulder, 2004).† In operant conditioning, there are two categories: reinforcement and punishment. Both can be utilized using either positive or negative strategies. In reinforcement tactics, the behavior is attempted to be increased. A positive example of this would be praising a child if they say something that resembles mama or dada for their first words. A negative example would be the parents not responding or even chiding the child for mumbling or not being very coherent. Each action is strengthened by the parents reinforcement of praise when saying the correct words or their disregard when the child does not sound coherent. In the positive example, praise is being offered so the child is receiving something, therefore making the reinforcement positive. When the parents ignore the wrong words that the child speaks, we describeShow MoreRelatedPhobias and Addictions Related to Classical and Operant Conditioning865 Words   |  4 PagesAddictions as Related to Classical and Operant Conditioning Introduction People can become conditioned to respond to various stimuli in positive and negative ways, including phobias and addictions. In order to better understand how stimuli elicit phobic or addictive responses, this paper provides a discussion concerning phobias and addictions as related to classical and operant conditioning, including explorations of how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning and how addictions canRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1249 Words   |  5 Pagestwo stimuli or a behavior and a learned stimulus. Associative learning is divided in to two central techniques, classical conditioning and operant condition. Classical and operant conditioning are basic methods of learning and conditioning is used to adapt a behavior or association through a stimuli or consequence (Ciccarelli, 2012). While classical conditioning and operant conditioning are key elements in associative learning, they have significant differences. A clear contrast between the two theoriesRead MoreLearning Final Integrative Paper Aisha Khawaja 121972 Words   |  8 PagesKhawaja 1 Running head: DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING Distinctions between classical and operant conditioning Aisha Khawaja New Jersey City University Khawaja 2 Running head: DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING Abstract There are many differences between classical and operant conditioning that will be discussed in this paper. These two types of conditioning are often misinterpreted by many individuals; therefore, it is important to distinguish theRead MoreThe Learning ( Or Behaviourist ) Approach1365 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch can be carried out on animals as well as humans. Similarly, the behaviourist approach places huge weight on conditioning for the process of learning and the acquisition of behaviour, both operant and classical; which will be explained in greater depth in the next paragraphs. The behaviourist approach emphasizes the role of learning in the acquisition of knowledge. Classical conditioning theory involves the learning of a new behaviour via the process of association, first proposed by Pavlov, suggestedRead MoreEssay about Psychology Week 3742 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Psychology Week 3 Assignment 1) Distinguish between operant conditioning, observational learning, and social learning. How are these different kinds of learning utilized in the work place? Give specific examples for each one. a) Operant conditioning is the learning through voluntary responses and its consequences. A specific behavior is performed and from that behavior there is a consequence. For me, in the workplace, I know that if I complete my jobs assigned to me then I am complimented onRead Moreconsumer behaviour1622 Words   |  7 Pagesare following: (i)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been partially tested empirically, thus establishing some credibility for the model (ii)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The model is also a dynamic model Overall the Engel-Blackwell-Miniard model provides more comprehensive and accurate comparison with Howard-Sheth model. The two models are similar in as much as they both propose a rational consumer, but one who is prepared to satisfies where appropriate. The environmental influences of the Engel-Blackwell-Miniard model compare directly toRead MoreFixing Alcoholism With Psychology Essay966 Words   |  4 Pageshis family. Doug uses drinking as a crutch. B y helping Doug end his drinking habits, he could turn his life around for the better. Part One; Behaviorist Perspective; Classical Conditioning UCS→UCR (Unconditioned Stimulus→Unconditioned Response) CS→CR (Conditioned Stimulus→Conditioned Response) Classical Conditioning; â€Å"conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus (as the sound of a bell) is paired with and precedes the unconditioned stimulus (as the sight of food) until the conditioned stimulusRead MoreThe Biological, Psychodynamic And Psychodynamic Psychological Perspectives1337 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause they view environment as a key role in the development of human nature including personality and mental health. Behaviourists believe these environmental factors have been learnt through classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning by association, and operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of behaviour. Furthermore the biological perspective believes that all behaviour is determined by genetic, physiological and neurological factors. ThisRead MoreThe Effect of Conditioned Stimulus (Light Intensity) on Movement Ratio1033 Words   |  4 Pagessalivation without any weakening of the salivary response. Although not his original goal in experimentation in studying dogs at the time, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov’s experiment would eventually laydown the framework of what we now call today classical conditioning. Fear conditioning or associative learning often studied in rodents (Curzon, Rustay, Browman 2009). It’s well documented in the field that when rodents are shocked the rodents responds as a consequence by freezing. The duration in which the rodentRead MoreHow Two Incredibly Innovative Behavior Theorists During Their Time Were By John B. Watson1014 Words   |  5 Pagesscientific study of human behavior. Behaviorism is also referred to as behavioral psychology. Behaviorism is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning, which occurs through interaction with the environment. In addition, Watson proposed the process of classical conditioning, based on Pavlov’s observations, had the ability to explain everything regarding human psychology (McLeod, 2004). Specifically, Watson stated that all individual differences were attributed

Curtain Call Dos and Donts for the Stage

For many actors, the curtain call makes all of the stressful auditions, tedious rehearsals, and manic performance schedules worth the experience. Most actors crave audience approval. In fact, I have yet to meet a thespian who has told me, You know what? I cant stand applause. But how does one accept the standing ovations? Is there an etiquette to curtain calls? Not exactly. Each show may have its own way of presenting the actors after the conclusion of a play or musical. Generally, the director decides which actors bow first, second, third, and all the way up until the starring members of the cast take their final bows. Its up to each individual actor as to how one behaves during the curtain call. Over the years, I have collected advice from both performers and audience members about what makes a good (and bad) curtain call. DO: Rehearse the Curtain Call Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse. Even if the director does not seem to care about it. Practice a few times so that the curtain call is a smooth process and everyone knows their entrances. A sloppy curtain call with confused actors bumping into one another is not how you want to conclude your opening night. DONT: Take Too Long Nothing sullies a good show like an excessively long curtain call. If the show consists of six or fewer actors, its fine for everyone to take an individual bow. But for medium to large casts, send out groups of actors based on the size of their role. The actors dont need to run, but they do need to be quick. They should bow, acknowledge the audience, and then make way for the next set of performers. DO: Connect with the Audience Normally, when an actor is performing they avoid breaking the fourth wall. Even when they look off stage, they do not look directly at the audience. Yet, during the curtain call, the actor is free to be him/herself. Make eye contact. Show your genuine feelings. Be yourself. DONT: Stay in Character Of course, there are exceptions to this rule. Some actors feel more comfortable remaining in character while on stage. When I perform in a comedy, I often walk to center stage in character. But once I reach the center stage and take my bow, I shed my character and become myself. Generally, audiences appreciate getting a glimpse of the artist behind the character. DO: Acknowledge the Crew / Orchestra After the cast bows as a group, they should then gesture towards the orchestra pit (for musicals) or the lighting/sound operators at the back of the house (for stage plays). Some professional theaters forgo offering applause to the technical crew (perhaps because a steady paycheck is their reward). However, I highly recommend that non-profit theaters give their voluntary crew members their own taste of applause. DONT: Deliver Speeches after the Curtain Call Producers and directors might be tempted to thank the audience and discuss the creative process. Theater owners might seek a chance to plug season tickets. Dont give into that temptation. One: it spoils the theatrical experience. And two: Most of the audience wants to use the restroom and perhaps buy a souvenir. Let them. DO: Give the Audience a Chance to Meet the Cast Members Depending on the venue, it can be thrilling for audience members to meet the actors after the performance. During the original run of Into the Woods, audience members could enter a side-curtain and shake hands with their favorite performers. I fondly remember meeting the cast of the Los Angeles production of The Phantom of the Opera at the stage door. Giving fans an extra glimpse, a spare moment or even an autograph will add to the shows publicity.

Blind Faith in Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay - 920 Words

Blind Faith in Raymond Carvers Cathedral In the story Cathedral by Raymond Carver, the main character, goes through a major personal transformation. At the beginning of the story, his opinions of others are filled with stereotypes, discrimination and prejudice. Through interaction with his wifes blind friend Robert, his attitude and outlook on life changes. Although at first he seemed afraid to associate with a blind man, Roberts outgoing personality left him with virtually no choice. During Roberts visit, he proved to be a normal man, and showed the speaker that by closing his eyes, he could open his mind. The speakers prejudice was nearly overwhelming at the opening of the story. His being blind bothered†¦show more content†¦The color of Beulahs skin was not important to Robert, and therefore was not mentioned by the character. Until he met Robert, the speaker merely referred to Robert as the blind man, instead of someone with a name or someone with importance. He did not seem to understand why his wife had kept in touch with Robert, or how they became so close. He also seemed to feel that Robert was a nuisance to society, someone who could not take care of himself. The character spoke of the pity he felt for Beulah because Robert could never see what she looked like, read the expression on her face or receive the smallest compliment from her husband. When Robert arrived in his house, the speaker began his transformation. It began immediately upon seeing Robert with his wife, his eyes drawn to the smile Robert had placed on her face. The speaker witnessed the depth of conversation Robert had with his wife, as if he wasnt even in the room, and it seemed to spark some jealousy. Most of the changes that the speaker underwent in his understanding of Robert were because he realized that Robert was normal. The speaker was surprised to see a beard on a blind man. He had always thought dark glasses were a must for the blind, yet Robert wore none. He had read the blind didnt smoke, but Robert filled ashtray after ashtray in his home. The speaker watched as Robert ate, knowing where everything was on his plate, and beingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s The Cathedral 863 Words   |  4 Pages One of the Raymond Carver story where we can find a lot of religion symbols; it is â€Å"Cathedral.† The story develops an ironic situation in which a blind man teaches a sighted man to truly â€Å"see† for the first time. Near the end of the story, Carver has these two characters work together on a drawing of a cathedral, which serves as the symbolic heart of the story. The cathedral represents true sight, the ability to see beyond the surface to the true meaning that lies within. The narrator’s drawingRead More A Blind Man’s Gift in Carver’s Ca thedral Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesA Blind Man’s Gift in Cathedral  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In Raymond Carver’s story, Cathedral, one man’s prejudice is overcome by another man’s gift. The husband in the story is given the gift of seeing a cathedral through a blind man’s eyes. The true gift comes from the cathedral, which represents the husband’s prejudice and the blind man’s open-mindedness. This gift is the revelation the husband experiences while he looks at the cathedral with his eyes still closed. According to Anatole Broyard CathedralRead More Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay6977 Words   |  28 Pages In quot;The Compartment,quot; one of Raymond Carvers bleakest stories, a man passes through the French countryside in a train, en route to a rendevous with a son he has not seen for many years. quot;Now and then,quot; the narrator says of the man, quot;Meyers saw a farmhouse and its outbuildings, everything surrounded by a wall. He thought this might be a good way to live-in an old house surrounded by a wallquot; (Cathedral 48). Due to a last minute change of heart, however, Meyers choosesRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1832 Words   |  8 PagesIn Cathedral, by Raymond Carver, a blind man guides the narrator towards an epiphany: he needs to see situations and people in a deeper way, rather than just from a materialistic point of view. In the beginning of the story, the narrow-minded speaker is originally opposed to having the blind man, Robert, stay in his ho me. Because the narrator realizes that there is a nothingness in his life, he eventually grows to admire Robert’s ability to have faith in people, relationships, and the world evenRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral2364 Words   |  10 PagesPastor Bonhoeffer once said, â€Å"Judging others makes us blind, whereas love is illuminating. By judging other’s, we blind ourselves to our own evil and to the grace which others are just as entitled to as we are.† The way we treat people reflects on ourselves. The way the world judges and condemns each other is very true and an everyday reality for most. The same could be said about people who are limited by one or more of their six senses and are judged by the majority of the population who are not

Romeo and Juliet Commentary - Act 2 - 718 Words

The balcony scene in act two, scene two, also known as one of the most famous scenes in all of literature, Shakespeare shows us how Romeo is an â€Å"obsessive lover†, and expresses the love that both Romeo and Juliet feel towards each other. He shows us that Romeo is an obsessive lover since he was just mourning his love towards Rosaline, but he falls in love with Juliet with just one look at her. This passage has an important role in the play, because it is where the obstacles that they will both face begin, and will end in misery. The theme beauty of love is mostly found in this passage, it shows us how Romeo can forget about a person he claims to be in love with so easily with just one look at Juliet. Shakespeare creates a dramatic effect†¦show more content†¦It seems like her eyes capture him, â€Å"two of the fairest stars in all the heaven†, and as he watches her place a hand upon her cheek, he wishes that he was that glove to touch her cheek, â€Å"O that I were a glove upon that hand, that I might touch that cheek!† Romeo continues to describe her in a way that shows the strong feeing of love he feels towards her. This passage’s aim is to show the beauty of love that both Romeo and Juliet have, but ironically have to keep it a secret since there is a feud between both their families, since their love will not be allowed, and this will cause many problems for both of them in the future. This passage is both informative and descriptive. It describes Juliet’s beauty and the love that Romeo feels towards her, and its informative because it informs the readers Romeo’s feelings, and the way he sees Juliet, â€Å"the brightness of her cheek would shame those stars†. It also shows the beauty of love, since they both still love each other even when they know that there will be consequences if they were caught, and they are ready to sacrifice their lives for their love. The beauty of love is what this passage focuses on, it shows us the love that two young lovers have towards each other. Even though they both know that their love is forbidden, they still love each other deeply. Shakespeare’s writing skills helps the audience connect with the characters withShow MoreRelatedA Marxist Reading of Romeo and Juliet1178 Words   |  5 PagesbA)/b Write a critical commentary on key aspects of either Act 2 Scene 2 or Act 3 Scene 5. br brbB)/b Indicate briefly how you would read this extract using one of the approaches studied so far in Peter Barrys Beginning Theory other than the liberal humanist approach. br brbACT 2 SCENE 2/b br brbPart A/b brAct Two, Scene Two of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is a romantic and poetically lavish scene. This emotionally abundant section of the play contains the love passagesRead More Criticism of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesCriticism of Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, love serves as the tragedy. According to critic Denton J. Snider, love, the emotion of the Family, in its excess destroys the Family; though it be the origin and bond of the domestic institution, it now assails and annihilates that institution. The love of Romeo and Juliet for one another, not only destroys their families, but ultimately destroys them as well. Their love and devotion for one another causes them to rebel against the institutionRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Personal Evaluation Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesThere are interesting thematic overlaps between my learning objectives and school site. Ultimately, I’m asking students to understand the motivations of characters who live in conflicting communities. Like some of the characters in Romeo and Juliet, my students traverse the social lines of many communities on a daily basis as they travel to school, interact with students and teachers, participate in extracurriculars, and return to their fa milies. Students need to manage â€Å"transitions between variousRead More Comparing the Love of Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night and the Bible4838 Words   |  20 Pagesgauged. Friendship and even grief are steeped in love. Love is so central to our lives that it is fitting and proper that it should be the topic of so much discussion. Every culture and every writer has some commentary or evaluation of love. The New Testament has its share of love commentary. The entire basis of the Christian tradition is Gods love for humanity. God so loved the world that he gave his only Son. (John 3:6) Jesus preached a great deal about love of neighbor, love of God and evenRead MoreEssay on A Modern Interpretation of Romeo and Juliet 3467 Words   |  14 PagesWhen you hear the words â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, what comes to your mind? For most people, the mention of these names brings about images of young people declaring their love from balconies and defying fate to be together. Romeo a nd Juliet is certainly a story of youthful romance. However, the first-time reader will often miss the underlying ideas that the writer only hints at over the course of this play. To fail to realize the subtle political and social themes within the plot is to fail to understandRead More Compare how Shakespeare and Hardy present the role of their tragic1760 Words   |  8 PagesCompare how Shakespeare and Hardy present the role of their tragic heroines within society in Romeo and Juliet and Tess of the D’Urbervilles? Shakespeare’s Juliet, of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ and Hardy’s ‘Tess of the D’Urbervilles’ share many characteristics which make them tragic heroines. Their individual battles with their societies, and their distorted moral codes and prejudices, toughens their spirits and reinforces their determination to succeed and reach their personal goals. In theirRead MoreBaz Luhrmann Essay2447 Words   |  10 PagesBaz Luhrmann Catalogue and Commentary ======================== The following items have been collected in aid of my research: 1. jjj Strictly Ballroom directed by Baz Luhrmann 1992 2. jjj Romeo Juliet directed by Baz Luhrmann 1997 3. jjj Moulin Rouge directed by Baz Luhrmann 2001 4. jjj Making it feature - the making of Moulin Rouge 5. j Imdb - website - cast and crew lists/ user reviews 6. jj Baz Luhrmann interview on Moulin Rouge Read MoreThe Death Of William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1660 Words   |  7 PagesOn the contrary, suicide can be glorified to a certain extent, in the way that a novel or film can romanticize the act without the brutality or consequences being addressed. Suicide can appear heroic in the face of a evil. It can appear to be a triumphant escape from a cruel world. Suicide can even look romantic when portrayed as the conclusion to a love story, like in Romeo and Juliet, a masterpiece by the beloved William Shakespeare. Death itself is dramatic, but there is something more to beyondRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s The Tempest 2603 Words   |  11 PagesMalouin Malouin 11 Measuring a Life in a Drama When many people think of William Shakespeare, they think of plays like Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth or Hamlet. One of the most influential plays written by Shakespeare is not one listed above. The play that reflects the life and all of Shakespeare?s plays is The Tempest. This work was and still is influential in both America, Britain and around the world. Although William Shakespeare was an influential writer in American and British literature,Read MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 Pagesprocess you can master. As you gain more practice with this kind of thinking and writing, you’ll be able to craft a method that works best for you. Until then, here are seven basic steps to writing a well-constructed literary essay: 1 .Ask questions 2.Collect evidence 3.Construct a thesis 4.Develop and organize arguments 5 .Write the introduction 6.Write the body paragraphs 7.Write the conclusion Step 1. Ask Questions When you’re assigned a literary essay in class, your teacher will often provide

Native Americans in Hollywood Essay Example For Students

Native Americans in Hollywood Essay Dances with Wolves is a movie staring Kevin Costner as Lt. JohnDunbar. John wants to see the frontier before it is gone from the war sohe goes to a fort there. When he gets to the fort he finds it abandonedand soon finds that there is a Sioux tribe as his neighbors. John becomesfriends with the Sioux and learns their language. He lives with them andlearns their culture. John falls in love with a woman named Stands with aFist (Mary McDonnell) that was captured by the Sioux when she was little. They get married but then the white people come to kill the NativeAmericans. John attempts to talk to them but fails because they think hewas a traitor. He ends up giving the Sioux guns and they kill the whitemen and go to the winter fort. Unfortunately, twelve years later all ofthe Sioux were killed. There are many Native Americans in this movie. There is an old wiseone and then many other leader figures. The old one likes John and saysthat he is the only white man he has known. John becomes a friend with onequiet one that was the father of Stands with a Fist. He gives advice toJohn and tells him what to do. He is one of the head people in the Siouxand he makes decisions about hunting and war.John also becomes closewith a teenage Sioux named Smiles A Lot. They talk and trade NativeAmerican things with White people things. In the beginning of the movie Native Americans are talked about asthieves and beggars. The white men state that they have to kill theIndians because they are thieves and beggars. The Natives said theywanted to be recognized for their trail so they were going to kill thelieutenant. They are wearing animal skin and feathers, with a lot of facepaint on and they speak a different language. One Native says the whitemen are a poor race and they wont survive one winter. The Indians go toJohns house and looks through his things (thieves). After awhile the old wise Sioux tells the others to go see John andtry to talk with him. They start to teach each other their language. Atfirst one of the men want to kill John but the other one tells him to clamdown. He makes them coffee and lets them have sugar. They learn eachothers word for buffalo since the buffalo are very important to the NativeAmericans as the winter is coming soon. John starts to have the whitewoman to translate for him too so they can now communicate very well. TheNatives are shown as excepting people. At this point John is quite welcome among the Native Americans. Heknows their language and spends a lot of time with them. The Sioux accepthim; they even let him go on hunting trips. The Sioux are now seen as nicefriendly people, which is a totally different message they were puttingthrough at first. They have wars against other tribes to protect the wivesand children of the tribe. By the end of the movie the Native Americansare seen as nice men that have to defend their land from the white men.

Fasting Plasma Glucose

Questions: 1. Chelsey is a generally healthy individual who is 26 weeks pregnant. She underwent a routine screening to test for gestational diabetes. After performing the OGTT Chelsey was told her plasma glucose level 2 hours after consuming the oral glucose solution was 9mmol/L. How would you diagnose Chelsey and why? 2. The OGTT is one tool for detecting diabetes. Name and describe another test which can be performed to diagnose diabetes. Answers: 1. After an initial glucose challenge test is conducted, such as the one done to Chelsey, a normal individual without the risk of gestational diabetes is supposed to have sugar levels below or between 7.2 mmol/L and 7.8 mmol/L (Renz et al, 2015). Chelsey would require a follow-up glucose tolerance test because her initial glucose challenge test was at high levels. In the follow-up glucose tolerance test, she would have to fast overnight after which, her blood sugar level would be measured. Chelsey would then take a sweet solution with higher glucose concentration. After the drink, her blood sugar level would be checked each hour for 3 hours that would follow. If at least two of the readings indicate blood levels that are greater than normal, she will be diagnosed with gestational diabetes. 2. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) is another test that may be performed to test diabetes. This test is preferred because it is easy, convenient and less expensive compared to the other tests. According to Sinnott et al (2015), FPG is a blood test which checks an individuals fasting glucose levels when they are fasting. Before the test is carried out, the individual is not allowed to consume anything for a period of at least eight hours. During the test, glucose is taken to lab for analysis. Fasting blood glucose that is normal is supposed to be between 70 mg/dL and 100 mg/dL if the individual does not have diabetes. A standard diagnosis is made after two different blood tests indicate that the levels of fasting blood glucose are more or equal to 126 mg/dL. Works Cited Renz, Paula Breitenbach, et al. "Hba1c Test As A Tool In The Diagnosis Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Plos ONE 10.8 (2015): 1-11. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 May 2016. Sinnott, Margaret, et al. "Fasting Plasma Glucose As Initial Screening For Diabetes And Prediabetes In Adults: The Diabetes Mellitus And Vascular Health Initiative (Dmvhi)." Plos ONE 10.4 (2015): 1-11.